This dataset provides information about more than 11,000 proposed Constitutional amendments introduced in the United States Congress from 1787 to 2014. This dataset is a compilation of information from several Congressional publications as well as a search for Constitutional amendments on the Congress.gov website.
Data available for each proposed amendment varies by source publication. Each entry may include a source of information, title or description of amendment, date of introduction, Congress, Congressional session, joint resolution number, sponsor name, sponsor state or territory, and the committee of referral.
The National Archives and Records Administration created this dataset as part of the Amending America initiative. To prepare for the 2016 "Amending America" exhibition at the National Archives Museum in Washington, D.C., NARA volunteers and staff transcribed and edited over 11,000 entries representing proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution, as recorded by Congress.
Data Quality
This dataset was compiled from written records issued by Congress and is not necessarily complete. According to the Senate Historical Office, the number of proposed amendments to the Constitution is an approximation for several reasons. Inadequate indexing in the early years of Congress may obscure the total number of proposed amendments. Amendments in the nature of a substitute, in which the entire text of a measure is stricken and a different full text is inserted, offer another challenge. It is also common for a number of identical resolutions to be offered on issues that have widespread public and congressional support. Finally, Congressional rules limiting the number of co-sponsors permitted for each proposed amendment may be a factor in the number of resolutions introduced.
As of March 2016, this dataset has been released in raw form—chiefly as the data was captured and transcribed from source information by NARA volunteers and staff, with minimal refinements or enhancements.
Sources of Information
The information in this dataset was sourced from six government publications and the government website Congress.gov. For each proposed amendment, the source citation is provided within the entry row.
The source data is available in print format from several Congressional publications. Legislation introduced from 1973 to present is publicly available via Congress.gov
The data is available for download in a comma-separated values (CSV) file. The data dictionary outlines and defines the fields available in the CSV file.
As a work of the United States Government, this project is in the public domain within the United States. Additionally, we waive copyright and related rights in the work worldwide through the CC0 1.0 Universal public domain dedication.
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This dataset would be of interest to the public because it:
This is the first time that the information is available comprehensively in an electronically searchable and sortable format.
Currently, the data is available in print format from several Congressional publications. Legislation introduced in Congress from 1973 to present is publicly available via an electronic database on Congress.gov.
Historians, political scientists, academics, researchers, congressional staffers, journalists, and students.
Office of Legislative Archives, Presidential Libraries, and Museum Services
This page was last reviewed on September 14, 2023.
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